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Definition

This is a procedure to remove a tissue sample from the lining of the uterus (womb).

The Endometrium

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Reasons for Procedure

Some reasons for an endometrial biopsy include:

    
  • Evaluate the cause of bleeding in postmenopausal women
  • Evaluate heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between menstrual periods
  • Obtain a tissue sample to test for cancer or precancerous conditions
  • Monitor the uterine lining in women on estrogen replacement therapy
  • Help evaluate the cause of infertility or repeated miscarriages

    • Possible Complications

    If you are planning to have an endometrial biopsy, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:

        
  • Infection
  • Bleeding
  • Damage to the uterus (rare)

    • Factors that may increase the risk of complications include:

        
  • If you are pregnant, the test cannot be done
  • If you have a narrow opening from the vagina to the uterus
  • If you have had radiation therapy to the area

    • Be sure to discuss these risks with your doctor before the procedure.

    What to Expect

    Prior to Procedure

    You may need to schedule the biopsy for a certain time during your menstrual cycle.

    Your doctor may do the following:

        
  • Physical and pelvic exam
  • Blood tests
  • Urine test

    • Leading up to your procedure, you may be advised to:

        
  • Take a pain reliever one hour before the procedure.
  • Wear or bring a sanitary pad to the health clinic.

    • Anesthesia

    Usually none is needed. Sometimes local anesthesia is used to numb the cervix.

    Description of the Procedure

    You will lie on a table with your feet in foot rests. The doctor will use a speculum to look into the vagina. An instrument called a tenaculum will be used to grasp the cervix. A flexible, thin, suction tube will be passed through the vagina and into the uterus. The doctor will suction out a small sample of endometrial tissue.

    Immediately After Procedure

    After the biopsy, you may feel lightheaded. Lying down for 5-10 minutes will help. Once you feel better, you will be able to go home.

    How Long Will It Take?

    About 10-15 minutes

    Will It Hurt?

    You may feel some cramping and pressure during the biopsy. Your doctor may give you pain medicine after the procedure.

    Post-procedure Care

    When you return home after the procedure, do the following to help ensure a smooth recovery:

        
  • Expect some cramping and bleeding. Use sanitary napkins. Do not use tampons.
  • Ask your doctor when you can resume:     
  • Using tampons
  • Having sex
  • Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions .

    • Your doctor will receive results in about a week. She will work with you to create a treatment plan.

    Call Your Doctor

    After arriving home, contact your doctor if any of the following occurs:

        
  • Excessive bleeding (more than your normal menstrual period or saturating a pad within one hour)
  • Signs of infection, including fever and chills
  • Severe pain
  • Foul-smelling vaginal discharge
  • Nausea and/or vomiting

    • In case of emergency, call 911 .